Communication devices for guards of controlled environments

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides details of a system and method for a communication device for guards in controlled environments. The communication device is established based on an indoor wireless infrastructure in the controlled environment, receiving wireless positioning signals to calculate and determine the real-time location of a user carrying the device. The indoor wireless positioning can be combined with other available positioning methods to provide highly accurate positioning information of the guard. The communication device detects, monitors, and records activities of the guard during a period of time, and is controlled by the control center. The control center and the communication device respond quickly to different abnormal situations. In addition, the communication device detects contraband electronic devices and monitor surroundings of the guard. Thus, the disclosed system and method for the communication device provides improved communication and monitoring for guards in a controlled environment.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/705,957, filed on Sep. 15, 2017, which is incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The disclosure relates to a system and method for communication devicesfor guards of controlled environments.

Background

In a controlled environment, staff/guards constantly need to go ondifferent assignments which places the staff/guards at locations withlimited communication with the control center of the controlledenvironment, or in situations where staff/guards have difficultiesresponding quickly to potential danger. In some situations, activitiesof guards lack monitoring, giving some staff/guards the opportunity toget involved in importation of contraband goods into the controlledenvironment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS/FIGURES

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a partof the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosureand, together with the description, further serve to explain theprinciples of the disclosure and to enable a person skilled in thepertinent art to make and use the embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a communication system for guardsof a controlled environment, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a communication device for guardsof a controlled environment, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a wearable device for guards of acontrolled environment, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an indoor map of a controlledenvironment, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a control center of a controlledenvironment, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart diagrams of methods of tracking of guardand detecting a suspicious wireless signal, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method of tracking of guard and detecting adeviation from path of guard, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a method of tracking of guard and detecting suddenchanges in heart rate and body motion, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a computer system, according to exemplary embodimentsof the present disclosure.

The present disclosure will be described with reference to theaccompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicateidentical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, the left mostdigit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which thereference number first appears.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following Detailed Description refers to accompanying drawings toillustrate exemplary embodiments consistent with the disclosure.References in the Detailed Description to “one exemplary embodiment,”“an exemplary embodiment,” “an example exemplary embodiment,” etc.,indicate that the exemplary embodiment described may include aparticular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every exemplaryembodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature,structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarilyreferring to the same exemplary embodiment. Further, when a particularfeature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with anexemplary embodiment, it is within the knowledge of those skilled in therelevant art(s) to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic inconnection with other exemplary embodiments whether or not explicitlydescribed.

The exemplary embodiments described herein are provided for illustrativepurposes, and are not limiting. Other exemplary embodiments arepossible, and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodimentswithin the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the DetailedDescription is not meant to limit the invention. Rather, the scope ofthe invention is defined only in accordance with the following claimsand their equivalents.

Embodiments may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuits), firmware,software, or any combination thereof. Embodiments may also beimplemented as instructions stored on a machine-readable medium, whichmay be read and executed by one or more processors. A machine-readablemedium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting informationin a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computing device). For example,a machine-readable medium may include read only memory (ROM); randomaccess memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media;flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms ofpropagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digitalsignals, etc.), and others. Further, firmware, software, routines,instructions may be described herein as performing certain actions.However, it should be appreciated that such descriptions are merely forconvenience and that such actions in fact result from computing devices,processors, controllers, or other devices executing the firmware,software, routines, instructions, etc. Further, any of theimplementation variations may be carried out by a general purposecomputer, as described below.

For purposes of this discussion, any reference to the term “module”shall be understood to include at least one of software, firmware, andhardware (such as one or more circuit, microchip, or device, or anycombination thereof), and any combination thereof. In addition, it willbe understood that each module may include one, or more than one,component within an actual device, and each component that forms a partof the described module may function either cooperatively orindependently of any other component forming a part of the module.Conversely, multiple modules described herein may represent a singlecomponent within an actual device. Further, components within a modulemay be in a single device or distributed among multiple devices in awired or wireless manner.

The following Detailed Description of the exemplary embodiments will sofully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, byapplying knowledge of those skilled in relevant art(s), readily modifyand/or adapt for various applications such exemplary embodiments,without undue experimentation, without departing from the spirit andscope of the disclosure. Therefore, such adaptations and modificationsare intended to be within the meaning and plurality of equivalents ofthe exemplary embodiments based upon the teaching and guidance presentedherein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminologyherein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, suchthat the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is tobe interpreted by those skilled in relevant art(s) in light of theteachings herein.

Overview

With conventional monitoring and communication system for a controlledenvironment, it is sometimes difficult for a control center of thecontrolled center to effectively communicate with and monitorstaff/guards (hereinafter “personnel”) during an assignment. As aresult, personnel is in danger, and importation of contraband goodsoccurs. Meanwhile, smart devices utilized in a controlled environmentallow users to stay in constant contact with the control center of thecontrolled environment. The use of these devices would offer many otherfeatures and functions that would prove beneficial to the users andjurisdictions.

The present disclosure provides details of a system and method for acommunication device for guards in a controlled environment. Thecommunication device is established based on an indoor wirelessinfrastructure in the controlled environment, receiving wirelesspositioning signals to calculate and determine the real-time location ofa user carrying the device. The indoor wireless positioning can becombined with other available positioning methods, e.g., GPSpositioning, to provide highly accurate positioning information of theuser. The communication device detects and records activities of theuser during a period of time, and is controlled by the control center.The status of user is monitored by control center. The control centerand the communication device respond quickly to different situations. Inaddition, the communication device detects contraband electronic devicesand monitors surroundings of the user. Thus, the disclosed system andmethod for the communication device provides improved communication andmonitoring for users in a controlled environment.

Communication System for Guards of Controlled Environments

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a communication system 100 forguards of a controlled environment, according to embodiments of thepresent disclosure. Communication system 100 allows activities of guardsto be tracked and monitored in real-time, facilitates real-timecommunications between guards and a control center, and automaticallytriggers a plurality of functionalities when the monitored activitiesare determined to be abnormal.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “abnormal” isdetermined as an activity/action/status, being monitored, satisfyingcertain criterion/criteria defined by system 100. Communication system100 stores a set of criteria defining whether a monitored activity isdetermined as “normal” and “abnormal.” For example, the set of criteriaincludes the time range to complete an assignment, the designed path foran assignment, the dwelling time at one location, the heart rate range,the regular presence locations of inmate, etc. Monitored activities failto satisfy the criteria are determined to be “abnormal” by communicationsystem 100. In various different embodiments, communication system 100determines abnormal activities for different monitored activities.Details can be referred to in the description below.

In an embodiment, communication system 100 includes a multi-functionalplatform 101 and a control center 102, connected or coupled throughconnection link 114. Multi-functional platform 101 includes aninformation relay unit 103, a messaging unit 104, an outdoor trackingunit 105, an indoor tracking unit 106, a contraband signal detectionunit 107, an alert unit 108, a motion detection unit 109, a monitoringunit 110, an authentication unit 111, and a timing unit 112. In oneembodiment, communication system 100 further includes a database 113,connected to control center 102. Multi-functional platform 101 isarranged in a controlled environment. In an embodiment, control center102 is arranged inside the controlled environment. In anotherembodiment, control center 102 is arranged outside the controlledenvironment, e.g., at a remote location. In operation, multi-functionalplatform 101 sends various data reflecting the status of guards tocontrol center 102 to be processed and analyzed. Accordingly, controlcenter 102 determines the guards' status or activities based on thereceived data and sends corresponding responses to multi-functionalplatform 101 to be executed.

In an embodiment, control center 102 includes any suitable software andhardware that facilitate communication between a monitoring user, e.g.,staff or jurisdiction officer, and a monitored user, e.g., a guard,staff, or officer in the controlled environment. In an embodiment,control center 102 is further connected to workstations (not shown) orother computer systems/networks (not shown) for addition operations.Control center 102 includes software and hardware for displayingreal-time status of a guard in the controlled environment, based onreceived signals. For example, control center 102 is displays a map ofthe control environment and the status and location of monitored usersin the map.

In various embodiments, control center 102 displays the path, movingspeed, dwelling time, body motion, and/or heart rate of a guard. In anembodiment, control center 102 is installed with software for remotelycontrolling the parts and functions multi-functional platform 101. Forexample, a user at control center 102 turns on and off certain units,e.g., the monitoring unit 110 of multi-functional platform 101, at adesired time. In an embodiment, control center 102 includes hardware andsoftware for receiving and transmitting inputs from monitored user inthe control environment and monitoring user at control center 102. Forexample, control center 102 includes a messaging program for the usersto communicate in type-in messages or voice messages. In an embodiment,control center 102 includes software and hardware for receiving andplaying audio/video data from multi-functional platform 101. Forexample, in an embodiment, control center 102 includes a speaker and amicrophone so that a guard and a user at control center 102 havereal-time conversations. In case of an abnormal activity received frommulti-functional platform 101, control center 102 plays an alert throughthe speaker. The alert includes any suitable pre-recorded messages forattracting the attention of the audience. In various embodiments,control center 102 is installed with software for recording variousinformation of each monitored user. For example, control center 102records moving path, moving speed, dwelling time, body motion, heartrate, conversations, messages, and/or recorded images/videos associatedwith each monitored user. In various embodiments, control center 102 hasthe authority to monitor any information forwarded by information relayunit 103.

In various embodiments, abnormal activities that trigger responses ofcontrol center 102 include the path of the monitored user deviating froma designed path, monitored user not responding to an inquiry within acertain period of time, monitored user having a sudden body motion,monitored user having a sudden heart rate increase, monitored userfailing to complete an assignment within a certain period of time,monitored user sending an alert, detection of contraband wirelesssignals, detection of abnormal presence of inmates, etc.

In an embodiment, database 113 stores any suitable data that can be usedfor the communication and monitoring functions of control center 101.For example, database 113 stores biometric data and identification dataof the users, a map of the control environment, designed paths formonitored users, coordinates of certain locations and objects, referencedata for positioning, criteria for determining “abnormal” and “normal”status/activities/actions, conversation history and messages associatedwith the monitored users, etc. For example, biometric data include voicesamples, fingerprints, retina samples, and/or facial structuresassociated with a monitored or monitoring user. Identification datainclude legal name, birthday, social security number (SSN), and/or PINnumber associated with a monitored or monitoring user. The map of thecontrol environment includes coordinates of the boundaries of rooms,areas, walls, and/or names and restrictions of each room/area.Designated paths for monitored users define, e.g., areas, paths,dwelling times, assignment completion time, and/or moving directions amonitored user is expected to follow in an assignment. Reference datafor determining the location or proximity includes, e.g., coordinates ofpositioning signal transmitters and positioning signal strength in theproximity of the signal transmitters. Criteria for determining whichstatus are “normal” includes a set of ranges in, e.g., time, distance,location, path, moving speed, and body condition, during an assignmentor a certain period of time, for limiting the activities of themonitored user. “Abnormal” status refers to these status failing tosatisfy the criteria. For example, it is determined the monitored userfollowing the designed path being “normal,” and a deviation from thedesigned path is determined to be “abnormal.” Conversation history andmessages associated with a monitored user include the conversationhistory and messages recorded during an assignment in the controlenvironment. In various embodiments, control center 102 also includes adisplay unit for displaying status of one or more monitored users, auser input device for receiving commands/selections from a monitoringuser, etc.

In an embodiment, control center 102 simulates real-time activities of amonitored user based on data stored in database 113 and signals/datasent by multi-functional platform 101. For example, control center 102extracts coordinates information from database 113 to generate a map ofcontrolled environment, simulating/calculating the path, moving speed,and/or dwelling times of the monitored user in the map based on thereal-time data received by multi-functional platform 101. A monitoringuser is directly observes and monitor the activity of a monitored user.In various embodiments, control center 102 also simulates otherdetectable objects/subjects in real-time in the map. For example, basedon data/signals sent by multi-functional platform 101, control center102 also simulates the presence and status of inmates wearing/carryingcertain signal-transmitting tags, e.g., radio frequency (RF) ID tags,and/or any devices transmitting a suitable detectable signal, e.g., akiosk or a vending machine. The detectable objects/subjects are alsodisplayed in the map to the monitoring user. In an embodiment, controlcenter 102 also sends calculated path, moving speed and path to respondbased on the activities. For example, control center 102 determineswhether any abnormal activities occurred based on the calculationresult, and/or respond accordingly based on the abnormal activities.

In an embodiment, control center 102 responds to data/signals sent bymulti-functional platform 101. Control center 102 is programmed torespond to different inquiries from multi-functional platform 101 andextract necessary data from database 113 for the responses. Controlcenter 102 directly responds to some signals/data, e.g., emergencycalls/alerts. A monitoring user has the option to manually interrupt andrespond to some signals/data through control center 102. In someembodiments, a monitoring user is required to authenticate his/heridentity before interrupting the operations of control center 102.Decisions made by control center 102 are transmitted to informationrelay unit 103 through connection link 114 and implemented in designatedunits of multi-functional platform 101. In various embodiments, controlcenter 102 responds to inquiries such as detection of abnormalactivities of the monitored user, detection of contraband wirelesssignals, and/or messages/alerts/video streams/images sent by themonitored user. Response of control center 102 to the inquiries includesstarting certain monitoring functions of multi-functional platform 101,sending alerts/alerts to one or more monitored users, etc. In someembodiments, control center 102 records the activities during a certainperiod of time or assignment and analyze the recorded history ifnecessary. For example, conversation or messages of a monitored user canbe recorded, parsed, and/or analyzed.

Control center 102 is bi-directionally connected to multi-functionalplatform 101 through connection link 114. Connection link 114 includesany suitable wired (e.g., Ethernet) connection or wireless connection.The wireless connection can be implemented as one or more of a wide-areanetwork (WAN) connection, a local area network (LAN) connection, theInternet, a Bluetooth connection, and/or an infrared connection. Othertypes of implementations for a wired or wireless connection are possiblewithout deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. Controlcenter 102 has the authority to control the functioning of various unitsin multi-functional platform 101.

Information relay unit 103 is bi-directionally connected to controlcenter 102. Information relay unit 103 includes hardware and software toreceive various data/signals from other units in the multi-functionalplatform 101 and forward the received data/signal to control center 102,and receive signals/data from control center 102 and distribute thesignals/data to proper units. In some embodiments, information relayunit 103 is configured to determine the proper data to be sent tocontrol center 102. For example, when both indoor tracking unit 106 andoutdoor tracking unit 105 both send tracking or positioning informationto information relay unit 103, information relay unit 103 determineswhich tracking information is appropriate to be forwarded to controlcenter 102 based on the actual location of the monitored user. In anexample, information relay unit 103 determines the actual location ofthe monitored user based on the received tracking information fromindoor tracking unit 106 and outdoor tracking unit 105 and sending thetracking information that more precisely reflects the actualposition/status of the monitored user. In an example, when informationrelay unit 103 determines the monitored user is located in the indoorenvironment of the control environment, information relay unit 103 onlysends the tracking information from indoor tracking unit 106; wheninformation relay unit 103 determines the monitored user is located inthe outdoor environment of the control environment, information relayunit 103 only sends the tracking information from outdoor tracking unit105. In some embodiments, information relay unit 103 sends trackinginformation from both indoor tracking unit 106 and outdoor tracking unit105 to control center 102. In various embodiments, information relayunit 103 encrypts information sent to control center 102 and decryptinginformation sent by control center 102.

Messaging unit 104 is bi-directionally connected to control center 102and includes software and hardware to facilitate texting/messagingfunctions between the monitored user and control center 102. In anembodiment, the messages transmitted between multi-functional platform101 and control center 102 are in various forms such as text messages,videos, images, audio messages, and/or real-time video streams. Themonitored user has the option to enter desired text and/or audio, takepictures and/or record videos, or stream videos. The various forms ofmessages are sent to control center 102 through information relay unit103. In an embodiment, messaging unit 104 also enables texting/messagingfunctions among different monitored users. A monitored user has theoption to select a desired recipient and the various forms of messagesare redirected to the selected recipient by control center 102. Amonitoring user at control center 102 has the authority to monitor anymessages forwarded by information relay unit 103.

Outdoor tracking unit 105 is bi-directionally connected to controlcenter 102 through information relay unit 103 and includes software andhardware to enable the tracking of a monitored user when the monitoreduser is in an environment, e.g., outdoor environment, of the controlenvironment, where outdoor positioning signals are available. In anembodiment, outdoor tracking unit 105 includes a global positioningsystem (GPS) receiver. In some other embodiments, other GPS-basedpositioning means or other positioning systems are also used alone or incombination with GPS. Outdoor tracking unit 105 determines the locationsof one or more monitored users in real-time. Outdoor tracking unit 105periodically sends coordinates of the monitored users to informationrelay unit 103, and information relay unit 103 determines whether thecoordinates are to be sent to control center 102.

Indoor tracking unit 106 is bi-directionally connected to control center102 through information relay unit 103 and includes software andhardware to enable tracking of a monitored user when the monitored useris in an environment, e.g., indoor environment of the controlenvironment, where indoor positioning signals are available. Indoortracking unit 106 periodically sends location-reflecting signals/data toinformation relay unit 103. In an embodiment, indoor tracking unit 106includes one or more of any suitable wireless positioning facilitiessuch as radio frequency (RF)-based positioning systems, Bluetooth-basedpositioning systems, WiFi-based positioning systems, and/orultrasound-based positioning systems. For example, the RF-basedpositioning system includes a RFID reader and a plurality of RFIDtags/beacons distributed in the indoor environment. The RFID reader,carried by the monitored user, reads information stored in the nearbyRFID tags and send the read-out information to information relay unit103. In another example, the WiFi-based positioning system includes aWiFi-signal reader and a plurality of access points. The WiFi-signalreader receives WiFi signals from access points and sends the detectedWiFi signals to information relay unit 103. In another example, aBluetooth-based positioning system includes a Bluetooth-signal readerand a plurality of Bluetooth beacons. The Bluetooth-signal readerreceives the Bluetooth signals and sends the detected Bluetooth signalsto information relay unit 103.

In an embodiment, information relay unit 103, based on receivedsignals/data from outdoor tracking system 105 and indoor tracking system106, determines which signals/data are to be sent to control center 102.For example, when signals/data sent by outdoor tracking system 105 areweak or not available, information relay unit 103 determines themonitored user is in an indoor environment of the controlled environmentand sends the signal/data from outdoor tracking system 105 to controlcenter 102; when signals/data sent by indoor tracking system 106 areweak or not available, information relay unit 103 determines themonitored user is in an outdoor environment of the controlledenvironment and sends the signal/data from indoor tracking system 106 tocontrol center 102. Information relay unit 103 has the ability todetermine which signals/data are to be sent to control center 102 basedon certain criteria, e.g., signal strength and signal availability. Insome other embodiments, information relay unit 103 sends signals/datafrom both outdoor tracking unit 105 and indoor tracking unit 106 tocontrol center 102. In some embodiments, information relay unit 103switches between an “outdoor mode” and an “indoor mode”, based on thereceived signals/data. In the outdoor mode, only the outdoor trackingfunction is available, and in the indoor mode, only the indoor trackingfunction is available.

After control center 102 receives the tracking signals/data frominformation relay unit 103, control center 102 simulates thelocation/position of the monitored user in the map of the controlledenvironment based on the received signals/data. Because control center102 periodically receives real-time tracking signals/data, thesimulation reflects the real-time status, e.g., path, location,movement, and/or dwelling time of the monitored user. Control center 102has the option to utilize certain reference data stored in database 113to calculate the location of the monitored subject. For example, whenthe monitored subject is in an indoor environment, control center 102determines the location of a monitored user based on reference signalstrength data and signal attenuation information. Control center 102also includes suitable algorithm or model stored in database 113 todetect whether the status of the monitored user is abnormal, e.g.,monitored user deviating from designed path, monitored user staying at acertain location for an abnormally long time, monitored user having asudden body motion, and so on. Control center 102 responds to anabnormal status by triggering an alert or other actions.

Contraband signal detection unit 107 is bi-directionally connected tocontrol center 102 through information relay unit 103 and includeshardware and software to detect unknown or forbidden wireless signals.Contraband signal detection unit 107 is configured to detect anywireless signals, e.g., WiFi hot spots, Bluetooth signals, and/or RFsignals, not recognized or forbidden by multi-functional platform 101 orcontrol center 102. For example, contraband signal detection unit 107includes one or more wireless signal detectors that scan a wide range ofsignal frequencies, e.g., RF frequencies or cellular frequencies, todetect any unknown or forbidden wireless signals. Contraband signaldetection unit 107 sends frequencies of detected signals to informationrelay unit 103. In one embodiment, information relay unit 103 forwardsthe received detected wireless signals to control center 102, andcontrol center 102 compares the detected wireless signals to known andallowed wireless signals to determine whether contraband wirelesssignals are contained in the detected wireless signals. If a contrabandwireless signal is detected, control center 102 sends a message or alertto inform the monitored user a contraband frequency has been detectedand prompt the monitored user to search for the contraband device.

Alert unit 108 is bi-directionally connected to control center 102 andincludes software and hardware for alerting the monitored user orcontrol center 102. In an embodiment, a monitored user has the option totrigger alert unit 108 so that control center 102 receives an alert fromthe monitored user. In another embodiment, control center 102 triggersalert unit 108 so that one or more monitored users receive the alert. Analert can be in the form of alarms, text messages, audio messages, etc.

Motion detection unit 109 is bi-directionally connected to controlcenter 102 and includes software and hardware to detect sudden bodymotions of a monitored user. Motion detection unit 109, including one ormore motion sensors, sends a motion signal to control center 102 throughinformation relay unit 103 when a sudden body motion of a monitored useris detected. Control center 102 sends a confirmation message to themonitored user. In an embodiment, if the monitored user responds to theconfirmation message in a defined time period, the motion signal isdisregarded; if the monitored user fails to respond to the confirmationmessage in the defined time period, control center 102 triggers otheractions such as sending an alert to other monitored users informing thelocation of the monitored user failing to respond to the confirmationmessage. The confirmation message can be in the form of alert, textmessages, audio messages, etc.

Monitoring unit 110 is bi-directionally connected to control center 102and includes software and hardware to monitor activities of themonitored user. Monitoring unit 110 includes at least recordingabilities, e.g., using cameras and/or microphones, to stream or recordat a desired time. In an embodiment, the monitored user has the optionto turn on the monitoring unit 110 to record a video. In an embodiment,control center 102 has the option to, e.g., when an abnormal status isdetected, turn on monitoring unit 110 to start recording video and/orvoice. In some embodiments, monitoring unit 110 can be turned off fromboth multi-functional platform 101 and control center 102. In some otherembodiments, monitoring unit 110 cannot be turned off frommulti-functional platform 101 when it is turned on from control center102. In an embodiment, the monitored user has the option to locallystore recorded content, e.g., video and/or audio data, or stream therecorded content in real-time to control center 102 through informationrelay unit 103. In another embodiment, control center 102 controlswhether recorded content is to be locally stored or streamed. In someembodiments, monitoring unit 110 also monitors heart rate and/or voicepitch of the monitored user and periodically sending heart rate data andvoice data to control center 102 through information relay unit 103.Control center 102 periodically compares the heart rate data and voicedata to pre-recorded normal heart rate data and voice data, e.g., storedin database 113, to determine whether these data deviates from normaldata. If control center 102 determines these data to be abnormal,control center 102 performs actions such as sending an alert to othermonitored users and start video streaming from multi-functional platform101.

Authentication unit 111 is bi-directionally connected to control center102 and includes software and hardware to authenticate the identity ofthe monitored user. In an embodiment, authentication unit 111 promptsthe monitored user to enter his/her identity-related information, suchas PIN, SSN, legal name, and/or certain biometric samples, e.g., voicesample and retina scan sample, before allowing the monitored user to login to multi-functional platform 101 and perform any assignment usingmulti-functional platform 101. Information relay unit 103 sends thereceived identity-related information to control center 102 so thatcontrol center 102 verifies entered identity-related information withpre-recorded information stored in database 113. The monitored user isgiven the option to attempt identity-related information a pluralitytimes before control center 102 locks him/her out. When authenticationfails, the monitored user needs to verify his/her identity andreactivate the locked multi-functional platform 101 at control center102 or other authorized personnel. In some embodiments, a monitored userneeds to re-identify himself/herself for certain assignments. Forexample, the monitored user is required to re-authenticate his/heridentity in multi-functional platform 101 before him/her can sendmessages, alerts, and detect contraband wireless devices. The specificauthentication methods for each assignment can be same or different,depending on, e.g., the convenience and reliability of differentauthentication methods.

Timing unit 112 is bi-directionally connected to control center 102 andincludes software and hardware to record time elapsed and/or remainedfor an assignment/action. In an embodiment, timing unit 112 includes aclock or a timer. The monitored user or control center 102 has theauthority to start counting time when an assignment, e.g., a walking andobserving process, begins and stop counting time when the assignmentfinishes. If the monitored user does not finish the assignment on time,timing unit 112 sends an overdue signal to control center 102 throughinformation relay unit 103, and control center 102 sends an alert toother monitored users or a confirmation message to the monitored user.In various embodiments, timing unit 112 also runs in the background forother functions. For example, when control center 102 sends an inquiry,e.g., text messages, confirmation message, and/or alert, to monitoreduser, timing unit 112 starts counting time elapsed for the inquiry andperiodically sends time information to control center 102. If monitoreduser does not reply to the inquiry, control center 102 sends an alert toother monitored users or start video streaming from multi-functionalplatform 101. In various embodiments, real time and/or timeelapsed/remained of an assignment are displayed to the monitored user.

In some embodiments, the bi-directional connection between units in thepresent disclosure includes any suitable bi-directional wired (e.g.,Ethernet) connection or wireless connection. The wireless connection canbe implemented as one or more of a wide-area network (WAN) connection, alocal area network (LAN) connection, the Internet, a Bluetoothconnection, an RF connection, and/or an infrared connection. Other typesof implementations for a wired or wireless connection are possiblewithout deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

In various embodiments, at least some functions of control center 102can be integrated or replicated into multi-functional platform 101. Inan embodiment, information relay unit 103 is connected to or includes acontrol unit (not shown) and an internal database (not shown) similar tocontrol center 102 and database 113. Control unit extracts data from theinternal database and perform certain functions in response to receivedsignals/data. For example, control unit determines to trigger an alertto control center 102 when the monitored user fails to reply to amessage in a predetermined time period. In another example,multi-functional platform 101 stores a map of the controlledenvironment, and control unit determines to trigger an alert to controlcenter 102 when the monitored user's path deviates from the designedpath. In certain embodiments, some functions are executed onmulti-functional platform 101 and other functions are executed throughcontrol center 102. The actual allocation of work load or functionsbetween multi-functional platform 101 and control center 102 aresubjected to different design requirements and preferences.

For illustrative purposes, in the present application, only onemulti-functional platform 101 is shown for the description ofcommunication system 100. In various different embodiments, controlcenter 102 can also be connected to a plurality of multi-functionalplatforms 101 and facilitate communication among differentmulti-functional platforms 101. In an example, inquiries from onemulti-functional platform 101 is routed by control center 102 to adesired receiving multi-functional platform 101. Control center 102monitors the communication among all connected multi-functionalplatforms 101 and controls all connected multi-functional platforms 101.

Multi-Functional Platform

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of multi-functional platform 200,according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In an embodiment,multi-functional platform 200 includes a communication device 212 and aplurality of positioning signal transmitters 213. In an embodiment,communication device 212 communicates with one or more positioningsignal transmitters 213 distributed in the controlled environment toprovide positioning information to control center 102 (shown in FIG. 1)so that control center 102 receives real-time updates, e.g., path,moving speed, dwelling time, conversations, heart rate, and/orsurroundings, of the monitored user carrying communication device 212.Communication device 212 can be any suitable portable device, e.g., amobile phone, a tablet, and/or a laptop computer. Communication device212 can be carried at a convenient portion of the monitored user's bodyfor ease of use.

Communication device 212 includes a processor 201, a display 202, a GPSreceiver 203, an interface 204, a data modem 205, a power supply 206, asensing device 207, an imaging device 208, a user input device 209, amemory 210, a signal reader 211, and an antenna 214. Directions ofarrows reflect the directions of data/signal flow. The connectionbetween different parts of communication device 212 includes anysuitable wired (e.g., Ethernet) connection or wireless connection. Thewireless connection can be implemented as one or more of a wide-areanetwork (WAN) connection, a local area network (LAN) connection, theInternet, a Bluetooth connection, and/or an infrared connection. Othertypes of implementations for a wired or wireless connection are possiblewithout deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.

Processor 201 receives signals/data from different parts ofcommunication device 212, processes these signals/data, and respondaccordingly. Processor 201 is also programmed to control the operationsof other parts of communication device 212. Memory 210 stores anynecessary data for calculation of processor 201. In an embodiment,memory 210 stores at least a portion of the data stored in database 113.Data modem 205 includes any suitable data transmission devices fortransmitting data to control center 102. Power supply 206 provides powerto other parts of communication device 212. User input device 209includes any suitable devices for receiving type-in messages, voicemessages, scanned images, etc. Display 202 includes any suitable displaydevices such as light-emitting diode (LED) display and/or liquid-crystaldisplay (LCD) devices for displaying any text, graphics, images, and/orvideos determined by processor 201. Data modem 205 includes any suitablewireless transmission device for sending data/signals to control center102 and receiving data/signals from control center 102. Interface 204 isconfigured to communicate with other systems/devices 215 outside ofcommunication device 212.

GPS receiver 203 provides location information, e.g., coordinates, ofthe monitored user carrying communication device 212, when GPS signalsare available. For example, when the monitored user is in an outsideenvironment of the controlled environment, GPS receiver 203 sendscurrent coordinates of the monitored user to processor 201. In anembodiment, processor 201 processes the data, extracts the map stored inmemory 210, and simulates the current location in the map of thecontrolled environment. Processor 201 also encrypts the coordinates andsends the encrypted coordinates to control center 102 (shown in FIG. 1)through data modem 205. Meanwhile, processor 201 displays the map andthe current location, path, moving speed, and/or dwelling times of themonitored user, along with the map in display 202. Processor 201 alsoresponds accordingly based on the current status of the monitored user.For example, processor 201 determines whether abnormal activities havebeen detected and notifies the monitored user if abnormal activitieshave been detected. In an embodiment, processor 201 sends an alert tocontrol center 102 when abnormal activities are detected.

Signal reader 211 includes one or more devices, integrated or separate,for detecting suitable wireless signals. In an embodiment, signal readerincludes one or more antennas, represented by element 214 in FIG. 2.Signal reader 211 is configured to, in a detectable distance, detect anywireless positioning signals, any wireless identification signals,and/or any wireless communication signals. In an embodiment, wirelesspositioning signals include positioning signals used in variouspositioning systems such as RF signals, Bluetooth signals, WiFi signals,ultrasonic signals, etc. Wireless identification signals include signalsemitted by ID tags or devices, such as RFID worn by inmates, and IDsignals emitted by electronic devices. Wireless communication signalsinclude any cellular or WiFi signals transmitted by electronic devices,such as cellular signals transmitted by a mobile device. Signal reader211 is scans a wide range of frequencies and send detected signals toprocessor 201. In some embodiments, processor 201 has the option toencrypt detected wireless signals and send them to control center 102for further analysis. In an embodiment, processor 201 alsocalculates/analyzes detected signals.

Processor 201 is recognizes the types of detected signals based on thefrequencies. If the signals are wireless positioning signals, processor201 calculates the location/position of the monitored user based oncertain parameters, e.g., strengths of signals, and reference data,stored in memory 210. A signal reader 211 is detects positioning signalsof one or more positioning methods, transmitted from differentpositioning signal transmitters 213 located at same or different nearbyplaces. Processor 201 calculates the location under differentpositioning methods. Processor 201 has the option to select one locationwith the highest precision, or supplement different positioning methodsusing one another to obtain a corrected location. In an embodiment,processor 201 simulates the location of the monitored user and display202 displays the real-time status, e.g., path, location, moving speed,and/or dwelling time in the map of the controlled environment. Processor201 also responds accordingly based on the current status of themonitored user. For example, processor 201 determines whether abnormalactivities have been detected and notifies the monitored user ifabnormal activities have been detected. In an embodiment, processor 201sends an alert to control center 102 when abnormal activities aredetected.

If the detected signals contain wireless identification signals,processor 201 extracts identification information from the signals anddetermine the location or proximity of objects/subjects transmitting theidentification signals based on current location and informationcontained in the identification signals. In an embodiment, processor 201simulates the locations/proximities of the objects/subjects and display202 displays the real-time status, e.g., locations/proximities andmoving speed in the map of the controlled environment. Processor 201also responds accordingly based on the current status of the detectedobjects/subjects. For example, processor 201 determines sending an alertto control center 102 when abnormal activities, e.g., objects/subjectsbeing at forbidden locations/proximities, are detected.

If the detected signals contain wireless communication signals,processor 201 filters unknown or forbidden communication signals fromthe detected signals. Based on the location and proximity informationdetermined, processor 201 also determines the location/proximity of acontraband wireless communication signal and display the contrabandwireless communication signal at the location/proximity it's detected,in the map. In an embodiment, processor 201 notifies monitored user thedetection of any contraband wireless communications and sends thedetection result to control center 102.

Sensing device 207 includes one or more suitable sensors, integrated orseparate, for detecting biometric features, heart rate, body motion,etc. For example, sensing device 207 includes a camera, a fingerprintscanner, a retina scanner, a heart rate sensor, and/or a body motionsensor. Sensed signals are sent to processor 201 to be processed.Processor 201 analyzes the sensed data and determines whether anyabnormal activities occur. For example, processor 201 detects whetherdata reflecting a sudden change in heart rate and/or body motion iscontained in the sensed data. In an example, biometric sensors are usedfor authenticating the identity of the monitored user and/or identifyinmates/other personnel. For example, an inmate's biometric samples canbe recorded and sent to control center 102 for analysis and/or recordingpurposes.

Imaging device 208 includes any suitable devices for recording andstreaming images and videos, e.g., camera and/or infrared camera. Themonitored user and control center 102 have the ability to control thefunctioning of imaging device 208. The monitored user and control center102 turn on imaging device 208 at a desired time. In some embodiments,when an abnormal activity is detected, control center 102 and/orcommunication device 212 automatically turn on imaging device 208 tostart recording or streaming.

Positioning signal transmitters 213 include any suitable passive andactive signal transmitters for transmitting wireless signals that can beused for calculating the location/position of the monitored user.Positioning signal transmitters 213 include transmitters of one or moretypes of positioning methods. In an example, positioning signaltransmitters 213 include one or more of RF tags, Bluetooth beacons, WiFiaccess points, ultrasonic transmitters, etc. Positioning signaltransmitters 213 are distributed in desired locations to convenienttransmit positioning signals to communication device 212. Antenna 214represents any suitable number of signal receivers necessary to detectthe positioning signals.

In various embodiments, communication device 212 automatically switchesfrom “indoor mode” to “outdoor mode” when GPS signals are sufficientlystrong and positioning signals are weak, and vice versa. Control center102 also has the authority to select one or more positioning methods onthe communication device 212. In some embodiments, control center 102selects GPS positioning to be supplemented with other positioningmethods to provide positioning information of desirable precision.

In various embodiments, communication device 212 periodically sendsdetected/sensed signals/data to control center 102 for analysis andupdates. Accordingly, control center 102 determines the response to anyinquiry from communication device 212. In some embodiments,communication device 212 analyzes and responds to certain signals/datawithout inquiring control center 102. In an example, communicationdevice 212 stores the map of the controlled environment and simulatesthe current path, location, and/or moving speed of the monitored user inthe map based on positioning data. When an abnormal activity isdetected, an alert is sent to the authorized user and/or control center102. Meanwhile, communication device 212 sends positioning data tocontrol center 102 so that control center 102 updates and monitoredcurrent status of the monitored user.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram 300 of a wearable device containingcertain functions to supplement certain functions of communicationdevice 212. In an embodiment, wearable device 301 includes any suitablewearable devices being fixed onto the monitored user, such as a watch, astrap, and/or a band. Wearable device 213 is fixed at a portion of themonitored user's body to more conveniently detect certain signals/data.For example, wearable device 301 is in the form of a watch or band,fixed on the monitored user's arm.

Similar to communication device 212, wearable device 301 includes aprocessor 303, a display 304, an interface 306, a data modem 307, apower supply 308, a user input device 310, an imaging device 311, asignal reader 312, an antenna 313, a GPS receiver 314, a memory 315, anda biometric sensor 316. Device 302 represents any device, e.g.,communication device 212 or a device outside of communication system100, in communication with wearable device 301 through interface 306.The functions of these parts are similar or same as the correspondingparts in communication device 212 and are not repeated herein. In oneembodiment, processor 303 sends received signals/data to correspondingcommunication device 212 or control center 102 for processing andanalysis. Accordingly, processor 303 receives commands/inquiries fromcommunication device 212 and/or control center 102 to execute functions.

Specifically, wearable device 301 includes a heart rate sensor 305 and amotion sensor 309. In an embodiment, wearable device 301 more accuratelydetects the heart rate change and body motion change of the monitoreduser. Detected heart rate and body motion are sent to communicationdevice 212 and/or control center 102 to be processed and analyzed.

In another example, monitored user has the option to use wearable device301 to record images and videos, or stream videos. Compared tocommunication device 212, wearable device 301 is smaller, easier tocarry and wear, and provides more convenience and shorter response timefor certain actions. In various embodiments, monitored user has theoption to use one or more of the communication device 212 and wearabledevice 301.

FIG. 4 illustrates a portion of a simulated map 400 reflecting certainstatus of subjects/objects in the area corresponding to the portion ofmap 400. Map 400 is simulated based on the signals/data provided bycommunication device 401 and stored map data. Activities reflected bymap 400 indicate real-time status of each subject/object detected bycommunication device 401. Communication device 401 is similar to or sameas communication device 212 described previously. In an example, theguard is represented by communication device 212. Map 400 is displayedat control center 102. In various embodiments, map 400 is also displayedon communication device 401 carried by the monitored guard.

As shown in FIG. 4, the map shows the controlled environment includes anindoor environment and an outdoor environment. The indoor environmentcontains rooms or cells 1-8, each being installed a positioning signaltransmitter 402-n (n=1, 2, . . . , 8) in the room. A positioning signaltransmitter 402-n represents one or more transmitters of same ordifferent types of positioning methods, e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi, RF,ultrasound, where they can be installed in same or different positionsin a room. The positions of the transmitters allow signals transmittedby the transmitters to be sufficiently strong in a detectable distancerange of a detecting devices, e.g., communication device 401. As shownin map 400, one inmate is positioned in room 2, wearing an ID tag402-22, and another inmate is positioned in room 7, wearing an ID tag402-77. Inmate in room 7 possesses a contraband wireless device. Theguard is walking along the aisle for, e.g., a walk and observeassignment. In an embodiment, map 400 shows a designed path, thedouble-headed arrow, for the guard to follow. The area between thedashed lines is a permitted area to the guard, e.g., guard is free tomove in the area but is not expected to go beyond the dashed lines.Element 403 represents any electronic device for communicating withcommunication device 401.

In an embodiment, a guard carries communication device 401 in anassignment. When guard is in the indoor environment, communicationdevice 401 automatically switches to “indoor mode,” and transmitsdetected signals/data to control center 102 (not shown in FIG. 4) inreal-time. Positioning signal transmitters 402-n (n=1-8) includes WiFiaccess points transmitting known WiFi signals and other relatedparameters, e.g., MAC addresses, of the access points. Inmates in room 2and 7 each wears an RFID, containing identification information of theinmates. Communication device 401 receives the WiFi signals and otherparameters transmitted by nearby access points, transmits received WiFisignals and parameters to control center 102, and calculates thereal-time location of communication device 401 based on the receivedWiFi signals and parameters, and pre-stored reference signal strengthdata of the WiFi signals. As the guard is moving, communication device401 continuously and periodically sends received WiFi signals andparameters to control center 102 and calculates the real-time locationof communication device 401. Communication device 401 further calculatesmoving speed, path, and/or dwelling times based on the positioning data.Results of the calculation are displayed on communication device 401.Meanwhile, control center 102 similarly calculates the location, movingspeed, path, and/or dwelling times based on received data. If anabnormal status is detected, e.g., guard moves beyond the permittedarea, e.g., deviates from the designed path, both communication device401 and control center 102 generate an alert, prompting the guard torespond within a certain period of time, e.g., one minute. If guardfails to respond within this period of time, communication device 401starts streaming video to control center 102. In another example, ifcommunication device 401 is detected to be staying at one location orcertain locations for an unexpected long period of time, bothcommunication device 401 and control center 102 generate an alert,prompting the guard to respond within a certain period of time. In anembodiment, when guard is detected to have deviated from the designedpath, communication device 401 automatically starts recording video andstreaming the recorded video to control center 102. In anotherembodiment, control center 102 controls communication device 401 andwearable device 301 to both start recording and streaming videos whenguard is detected to have deviated from the designed path.

In another embodiment, communication device 401 detects and counts thepresence of inmates in the detectable distance range. Communicationdevice 401 reads out identification information transmitted by the IDtags, e.g., RFID tags 402-22 and 402-77, carried by the inmates, andsends the identification information to control center 102. Controlcenter 102 compares the identification and location information withpre-stored inmate data and determines whether the presence informationmatches pre-stored inmate data. If a mismatch is found, e.g., inmateabsent or inmate in the wrong cell, control center 102 send an alert tocommunication device 401, prompting guard to check and confirm. If guardfails to respond within a certain period of time or confirms absence,control center 102 sends an alert to other guards carrying communicationdevices 401 and/or other personnel. In an embodiment, ID tags 402-22 and402-77 also contain Bluetooth beacons. Communication device 401 detectsthe location and moving of inmates carrying the ID tags based onreceived Bluetooth signals. In an example, when communication device 401detects an inmate is moving towards guard at an unusually high speed,communication device 401 alerts the guard. Guard has the option torespond to such situation by notifying control center 102 and/or otherpersonnel. In various embodiments, positioning information of inmatesare also sent to control center 102 through communication device forfurther processing and calculation.

In an embodiment, ID tags, e.g., 402-22 and 402-77, contain the criminaland/or violation history of corresponding inmates, which are also storedin control center 102. When an inmate having a history of aggression ormalice behavior, e.g., malice towards personnel in the controlledenvironment, is detected to be in the proximity of guard, communicationdevice 401 or control center 102 sends an alert to guard, notifyinghim/her the presence of such inmate.

In an embodiment, communication device 401 detects an unknown wirelesssignal within the detectable distance range, e.g., transmitted from cell7. The unknown signal, corresponding location, and/or correspondinginmate information are thus detected by communication device 401 andcontrol center 102. Control center 102 further starts investigation ofthe contraband wireless device.

In an embodiment, when guard undergoes a sudden body motion or suddenheart rate increase/decrease, communication device 401 sends an alert tocontrol center 102 and starts streaming video. In various embodiments,guard has the option to initiate communication, e.g., texting, videochatting, sending images and voice messages, and/or record images andvideos during an assignment. Guard also has the option to startstreaming videos at a desired time.

In an embodiment, communication device 401 includes voice controlfunctions. A voice sample of guard is stored and registered incommunication system 100 for authenticate guard's identity. Guard hasthe option to activate certain functions of communication device 401using his/her voice and/or certain phrases. In some embodiments, acommunication device 401 can only be voice controlled by the guardassigned to communication device 401.

In an embodiment, wireless device 403 communicates with communicationdevice 401 by sending related information, e.g., type, manufacturer,usage, operation status, etc. In some embodiments, wireless device 403is controlled by control center 102 and/or communication device 401.Guard and/or control center 102 have the option to remotely controlcertain functions of wireless device 403, e.g., recording of videos,sending location of wireless device 403 to communication device401/control center 102, and so on. The availability of functions aredependent on the type of wireless device 403 and should not be limitedby the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In an embodiment, when guard enters the outdoor environment,communication device 401 directly switches to the “outdoor mode,” andstarts sending GPS coordinates to control center 102 in real-time.Meanwhile, communication device 401 calculates positioning informationusing GPS coordinates and updates the positioning information on themap.

In various embodiments, guard also wears a wearable device 301 as shownin FIG. 3. The operation of the wearable device 301 is similar tocommunication device 401. In some embodiments, communication device 401receives heart rate data and body motion data of the guard from wearabledevice 301 and sends the data to control center 102. For example, whenguard undergoes a sudden acceleration of movement, e.g., falling on thefloor, wearable device 301 and/or communication device 401 detect suchabnormal activity and send an alert to control center 102. In someembodiments, the recording/streaming functions of communication device401 and wearable device 301 can be used separately. That is, the guardhas the option to use communication device 401 and wearable device 301at same time for recording/streaming different scenes, or usecommunication device 401 and wearable device 301 at different times.Control center 102 has the authority to control the operation ofcommunication device 401 and wearable device 301.

In some embodiments, wearable device 301 includes only certain functionsof communication device 401 to supplement communication device 401.Accordingly, wearable device 301 can have reduced volume and size, andis easier to wear. For example, wearable device 301 may only have theheart rate and body motion monitoring function and data transmissionfunction. Detected heart rate and body motion data is sent tocommunication device 401 or control center 102 for processing andanalysis. In some embodiments, communication device 401 and wearabledevice 301 have complementary functions.

Depending on different applications and design preferences,communication system 100, including control center 102, communicationdevice 401, and wearable device 301 are configured to respond todifferent situations differently. In various embodiments, communicationsystem 100 is configured to track and monitor the activities andbehavior of guard, and respond accordingly when any abnormal status isdetected. For example, communication system 100 has the authority totrack the path, moving speed, dwelling time, conversation, heart ratechanges, body movement changes, surroundings, and/or violations ofcodes. In various embodiments, communication device 401 records ahistory of activities occurred during a certain period of time, e.g., aday or an assignment. In response to a detection of an abnormalsituation of any of the mentioned activities, communication system 100is configured to perform one or more of, e.g., sending an alert to guardand control center 102, starting recording images, videos, and/orsounds, sending relevant information to control center 102 and otherpersonnel, etc. The combination of situations and responses should besubjected to designs and preferences of different applications andshould not be limited by the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Control Center

Control center 500 is configured to receive data, process data, and/ormake decisions based on the processing results. Control center 500 issimilar to or same as control center 102 in previous description of thepresent disclosure. In an embodiment, control center 500 includescommunication server 501, database server 502, analysis server 503,biometric server 504, positioning server 505, simulation server 507, anddatabase 508, all of which are connected to one another via a networkbus 509. In some embodiments, the functions of communication server 501,database server 502, analysis server 503, biometric server 504,positioning server 505, signal-detection server 506, simulation server507, and database 508 are implemented within a single device. Each ofservers 501-507 can be constructed as individual physical hardwaredevices, or as virtual servers. The number of physical hardware machinescan be scaled to match the number of simultaneous user connectionsdesired to be supported by communication system 100. For control center500 includes any suitable database for storing data received from theservers and other parties. Additional database can also be included indatabase 508 to facilitate proper functions of control center 500.

In an embodiment, communication server 501 consists of one or moreservers, and is configured to receive and transmit information to/fromone or more authorized facilities such as control center 500 andmulti-functional platform 101. Communication server 501 receives inputfrom multi-functional platform 101 and other parties and send theprocessed input to analysis server 503. That is, communication server501 forwards inquiries to respective analysis server 503 through networkbus 509 for analysis of and generation of a response to the inquiry.Communication server 501 further receives the response from analysisserver 503 and forwards the response to the appropriate party.

In an embodiment, communication server 501 is further configured toperform authentication of inquiries to determine whether the submittingfacility or party is authorized to access the information located indatabase 508. If the facility or party is authenticated, communicationserver 501 continues with the inquiry process by, for example,forwarding the inquiry to analysis server 503. Moreover, communicationserver 501 is further configured to encrypt and decrypt allcommunications transmitted and received by communication system 100 forsecurity purposes. In an embodiment, a facility/party is authorized onlyto write data into database 508, only to read data from database 508, orauthorized to both read data from and write data into database 508. Inanother embodiment, communication server 501 is configured to providedifferent levels of access to database 508 based on the type of facilityand the type of party. Moreover, access to data within database 508 mayvary based on the type of data to which access is sought. For example,one facility can be authorized only to access certain types of data intodatabase 508, such as the data that the facility has uploaded. Anotherfacility can be authorized to access its data as well as data provide byother facilities. The access by facilities can be limited to read only,write only, or read/write based on the type of facility, the type ofdata, or any other parameters related to the unified database system.

In an embodiment, database server 502 consists of one or more servers,and is configured to store and organize data in database 508. Databaseserver 502 can be configured to run a database management system, suchas MYSQL™. Database server 502 interfaces with database 508 to storeinformation provided to communication system 100 multi-functionalplatform 101 and other parties. Database server 502 can further beconfigured to provide information from database 508 to connectedfacilities who submit inquiries. Moreover, database server 502 isconfigured to encrypt the information prior to storage to ensuresecurity of the information.

In an embodiment, analysis server 503 consists of one or more servers,and functions as the primary logic processing center in control center500. Analysis server 503 processes information input from other servers,multi-functional platforms 101 of different monitored users, andinformation input from monitoring users at control center 500. Analysisserver 503 makes decisions based on the information input, and respondscorrespondingly. As part of its functionality to conduct analysis ofinquiries based on data in database 508, analysis server 503 can furtherbe configured to manage and facilitate communication betweencommunication server 501, database server 502, biometric server 404,positioning sever 505, simulation server 507, and database 508.

In various embodiments, analysis servers 503 also generates logs andreports reflecting activities of monitored users. The logs and reportsmay include analytical reports and visual representations of a monitoreduser's activities in a certain period of time. In various embodiments,because analysis server 503 is connected to database 508 and otherservers, analysis server 503 analyzes patterns based on data receivedfrom other servers and retrieved from database 508 to determine whethera detected activity or status is abnormal and responds accordingly.

In an embodiment, biometric server 504 consists of one or more servers,and is configured to process and/or store biometric data of inmates andother personnel in the controlled environment. Biometric data caninclude any information regarding an inmate's or personnel's appearance,physical characteristics, or other identifying traits that may be uniqueto the person such as voice data, facial recognition data (2D or 3D),handwriting samples, and/or fingerprint data. Biometric server 504 isconfigured to assist in analyzing biometric input sent frommulti-functional platform 101. For example, biometric server 504 cancompare received biometric input against stored biometric data.

In an embodiment, positioning server 505 consists of one or moreservers, and is configured to determine the location of a monitored userbased on received data/signals from multi-functional platform 101 anddata stored in database 508. Received data/signals include signalstransmitted by positioning signal transmitters and GPS coordinates.Positioning server 505 includes algorithm(s) an models for calculatingthe indoor location and outdoor location of a monitored user, based onreceived data/signals and reference data stored in database 508.Positioning server 505 also includes algorithm(s) for calculating thesurroundings, e.g., presence of inmates and certain electronic devices,of a monitored user based on received data/signals and reference datastored in database 508. Results of calculation are further sent toanalysis server 502 for further processing or decision making, or sentto simulation server 507 to be visualized.

In an embodiment, signal-detection server 506 consists of one or moreservers, and is configured to detect wireless signals within a scannedwavelength range. Signal-detection server 506 is configured to scan oneor more wavelength ranges to capture wireless signals, e.g., WiFisignals, RF signals, Bluetooth signals, and/or ultrasound signals.Information of detected signals is transmitted to analysis server 503 toseparate the unknown or suspicious wireless signals from the known andallowed wireless signals. Known or allowed wireless signals are furtheranalyzed to determine their usage, e.g., for positioning oridentification, etc. Unknown wireless signals are further analyzed todetermine the properties and possible sources.

In an embodiment, simulation server 507 consists of one or more servers,and is configured to simulate real-time activities of a monitored userbased on data stored in database 113 and signals/data sent from otherservers. Simulation server 507 is extracts coordinates information fromdatabase 113 to generate a map of controlled environment, andsimulates/updates the path, moving speed, and dwelling times of themonitored user in the map so that the map reflects the real-time statusof the monitored user. Simulation server 507 also simulates otherdetectable objects/subjects in real-time in the map based ondata/signals received from other servers. For example, simulation server507 also simulates the presence and status of inmates wearing/carryingcertain signal-transmitting tags, e.g., radio frequency (RF) ID tags,and any devices transmitting a suitable detectable signal. Thedetectable objects/subjects are also displayed in the map.

In an embodiment, database 508 provides access to all communicationsystem 100 used for various calculations. In general, database 508stores any data stored by communication server 501, database server 502,analysis server 503, biometric server 504, positioning server 505, andsimulation server 507. Because the data stored on database 508 mayconsume a significant amounts of storage space, database 406 may includea Network Attached Storage (NAS) device, which is configured as a massstorage device, or configured as a storage area network (SAN) comprisingmultiple storage devices. In order to reduce the required size, database508 preferably includes a backup routine to transfer data to permanentstorage devices, such as archival permanent storage or optical disks,after a predetermined time has elapsed since the initial recording ofthat data. Database 508 is connected to communication server 501,database server 502, analysis server 503, biometric server 504,positioning server 505, and simulation server 507 by way of the networkbus 509.

System Operations

Operations of monitoring activities of a monitored author usingcommunication system 100 will be described with respect to FIGS. 6, 7,and 8. Although the physical devices and components that form the systemhave largely already been described, additional details regarding theiroperations will be described below with respect to FIGS. 1-5. WhileFIGS. 6, 7 and 8 contain methods of operation of communication systemfor guards of a controlled environment 100, the operations are notlimited to the order described below, and various operations can beperformed in a different order. Further, two or more operations of eachmethod can be performed simultaneously with each other.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method 600 of tracking ofguard and detecting an unknown suspicious wireless signal, according toembodiments of the present disclosure. In step 601, control centerprompts guard, carrying the multi-functional platform, to enteridentity-related information into the multi-functional platform. In step602, control center determines whether the identity of guard isauthenticated. If the identity of guard fails to be authenticated,process proceeds to step 603; if the identity of guard is authenticated,process proceeds to step 604. In step 603, control center determineswhether the number of times of entering the identity-related informationis less than N, N being a positive integer, process returns step 601. Ifthe number of times of entering the identity-related information exceedsN, process proceeds to step 605. In step 605, control center notifiesmonitoring user about failed attempts of identity authentication andlocks the user's account. In step 604, control center starts heart ratemonitoring, wireless signal scanning, and body motion sensing from thebeginning of an assignment. In step 606, control center receivespositioning signals and locates the position of guard. In step 607,control center receives a plurality of wireless signals, filters outunknown wireless signals, sends an alert and locations of unknownwireless signals to guard, and starts video recording and streamingvideos from multi-functional platform.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method of tracking of guardand detecting a deviation of path of guard, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure. Steps 701-703 and 705 are similar to or same assteps 601-603 and 605, respectively. In step 704, control center startswireless signal scanning and audio recording from the beginning of anassignment. In step 706, control center receives positioning signals ofguards and presence information of inmates from the detected wirelesssignals. In step 707, control center detects path of guard beingdeviated from designed path, sends an alert to guard, and wait forguard's reply for a certain period of time. In step 708, if guard failsto reply in the certain period of time, control center starts videorecording and streaming from multi-functional platform, and sends analert to monitoring user and other monitored users.

FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart diagram of a method of tracking of guardand detecting sudden changes in heart rate and body motion, according toembodiments of the present disclosure. Steps 801-803 and 805 are similarto or same as steps 601-603 and 605, respectively. In step 804, controlcenter starts heart rate monitoring, body motion sensing, and wirelesssignal scanning. In step 806, control center receives positioningsignals and locates position of guard. In step 807, control centerdetects a sudden increase of heart rate and a sudden acceleration ofbody motion. In step 808, control center sends an alert to guard, sendsan alert and location of guard to other monitored users, and startsvideo recording and streaming from the multi-functional platform.

Exemplary Computer Implementation

It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) thatvarious elements and features of the present disclosure, as describedherein, can be implemented in hardware using analog and/or digitalcircuits, in software, through the execution of computer instructions byone or more general purpose or special-purpose processors, or as acombination of hardware and software.

The following description of a general purpose computer system isprovided for the sake of completeness. Embodiments of the presentdisclosure can be implemented in hardware, or as a combination ofsoftware and hardware. Consequently, embodiments of the disclosure maybe implemented in the environment of a computer system or otherprocessing system. For example, the control center of FIG. 1 and themethods of FIGS. 6-8 can be implemented in the environment of one ormore computer systems or other processing systems. An example of such acomputer system 900 is shown in FIG. 9. One or more of the modulesdepicted in the previous figures can be at least partially implementedon one or more distinct computer systems 900.

Computer system 900 includes one or more processors, such as processor904. Processor 904 can be a special purpose or a general purpose digitalsignal processor. Processor 904 is connected to a communicationinfrastructure 906 (for example, a bus or network). Various softwareimplementations are described in terms of this exemplary computersystem. After reading this description, it will become apparent to aperson skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosureusing other computer systems and/or computer architectures.

Computer system 900 also includes a main memory 908, preferably randomaccess memory (RAM), and may also include a secondary memory 910.Secondary memory 910 may include, for example, a hard disk drive 912and/or a removable storage drive 914, representing a floppy disk drive,a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, or the like. Removablestorage drive 914 reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit918 in a well-known manner. Removable storage unit 918 represents afloppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, or the like, which is read byand written to by removable storage drive 914. As will be appreciated bypersons skilled in the relevant art(s), removable storage unit 922includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computersoftware and/or data.

In alternative implementations, secondary memory 910 can include othersimilar means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to beloaded into computer system 900. Such means may include, for example, aremovable storage unit 922 and an interface 920. Examples of such meansmay include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as thatfound in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM,or PROM) and associated socket, a thumb drive and USB port, and otherremovable storage units 922 and interfaces 920 which allow software anddata to be transferred from removable storage unit 922 to computersystem 900.

Computer system 900 also includes user input/out interface(s) 902 whichprovide an interface to user input/output device(s) 903. Such userinput/output device(s) 903 may be any device that provides a user accessto input and output of computer system 900. Examples of userinput/output device(s) 903 may include a keyboard, a computer monitor, amouse, a camera, and a microphone.

Computer system 900 also includes a communications interface 924.Communications interface 924 allows software and data to be transferredbetween computer system 900 and external devices 928 which can includeremote device(s), other network(s), and other entities. Examples ofcommunications interface 924 can include a modem, a network interface(such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a PCMCIA slot andcard, etc. Software and data transferred via communications interface924 are in the form of signals which can be electronic, electromagnetic,optical, or other signals capable of being received by communicationsinterface 924. These signals are provided to communications interface924 via a communications path 926. Communications path 926 carriessignals and may be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, aphone line, a cellular phone link, an RF link and other communicationschannels.

As used herein, the terms “computer program medium” and “computerreadable medium” are used to generally refer to tangible storage mediasuch as removable storage units 918 and 922 or a hard disk installed inhard disk drive 912. These computer program products are means forproviding software to computer system 900.

Computer programs (also called computer control logic) are stored inmain memory 908 and/or secondary memory 910. Computer programs can alsobe received via communications interface 924. Such computer programs,when executed, enable the computer system 900 to implement the presentdisclosure as discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs,when executed, enable processor 904 to implement the processes of thepresent disclosure, such as any of the methods described herein.Accordingly, such computer programs represent controllers of thecomputer system 900. Where the disclosure is implemented using software,the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded intocomputer system 900 using removable storage drive 914, interface 920, orcommunications interface 924.

In another embodiment, features of the disclosure are implementedprimarily in hardware using, for example, hardware components such asapplication-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and gate arrays.Implementation of a hardware state machine so as to perform thefunctions described herein will also be apparent to persons skilled inthe relevant art(s).

Conclusion

It is to be appreciated that the Detailed Description section, and notthe Abstract section, is intended to be used to interpret the claims.The Abstract section may set forth one or more, but not all exemplaryembodiments, and thus, is not intended to limit the disclosure and theappended claims in any way.

The disclosure has been described above with the aid of functionalbuilding blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functionsand relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional buildingblocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of thedescription. Alternate boundaries may be defined so long as thespecified functions and relationships thereof are appropriatelyperformed.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s) that variouschanges in form and detail can be made therein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure should notbe limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, butshould be defined only in accordance with the following claims and theirequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for monitoring a status of a user in adangerous environment, the system comprising: a monitoring deviceconfigured to monitor a plurality of status indicators associated withthe user, the monitoring device comprising: a plurality of sensors, eachof the plurality of sensors configured to detect one of the plurality ofstatus indicators; and a transceiver configured to transmit theplurality of status indicators; and a server device configured toreceive the plurality of status indicators from the monitoring device,the server device including: a transceiver configured to receive theplurality of status indicators from the monitoring device; and aprocessor configured to: assign a score to each of the received statusindicators; and determine, based on a sum or average of the assignedscores, whether the user is in an abnormal condition.
 2. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes a positioning sensorconfigured to detect a position of the user.
 3. The system of claim 2,wherein the positioning sensor is configured to detect the position ofthe user within a prison facility.
 4. The system of claim 2, wherein thetransceiver of the server device receives a designated path of the user.5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured tocompare the position of the user to a nearest point on the designatedpath, and to determine a degree of deviation from the designated path.6. The system of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured todetermine the user to be in an abnormal condition in response todetermining that the degree of deviation exceeds a predeterminedthreshold.
 7. A multi-functional device for monitoring a user,comprising: a transceiver configured to communicate with a communicationnetwork; a communication interface connected with a database configuredto store positioning data that defines a location of the user andmonitoring data that defines a real-time status of the user, and aprocessor configured to: receive at least one positioning signal fromthe communication network; determine the location of the user based onthe at least one positioning signal and the positioning data; determinethat the real-time status of the user of the user is an abnormal statusbased on at least one of the location of the user or the monitoringdata, wherein the real-time status of the user comprises at least afrequency of a wireless communication signal and a location of thewireless communication signal.
 8. The multi-functional device accordingto claim 7, wherein the real-time status of the user comprises at leastone of a path of the user, the location of the user, a moving speed ofthe user, a dwelling time of the user, a heart rate of the user, a bodymotion of the user, a video recording of the user, an audio recording ofthe user, a message by the user, a response time of the user, a presenceof an inmate, an identity of the inmate, a location of the inmate, and amoving speed of the inmate.
 9. The multi-functional device according toclaim 8, wherein the abnormal status comprises at least one of the pathof the user being deviated from a designated path, the location of theuser being deviated from a designated location, the moving speed of theuser being overly slow, the moving speed of the user being overly fast,the dwelling time of the user being overly long, a sudden change of theheart rate of the user, a sudden change of the body motion of the user,abnormal content in the video recording of the user, abnormal content inthe audio recording of the user, abnormal content in the message by theuser, an overly long response time of the user, an abnormal presence ofan inmate, an identity mismatch of the inmate, an abnormal location ofthe inmate, an overly fast moving speed of the inmate, an unknownwireless communication signal, and a forbidden wireless communicationsignal.
 10. The multi-functional device according to claim 9, whereinthe action comprises at least one of sending an alert to the user,enabling video recording, enabling image recording, enabling videostreaming, sharing the location of the user, sending an alert to otherusers, sharing the location of the inmate with the other users, andsharing the location of the wireless signal with other users.
 11. Themulti-functional device according to claim 7, wherein the processor isfurther configured to record and analyze the real-time status of theuser.
 12. The multi-functional device according to claim 7, wherein theat least one positioning signal comprises at least one of an indoorpositioning signal.
 13. A method for monitoring a status of a user in adangerous environment, the method comprising: monitoring a plurality ofstatus conditions of the user by a wireless communication device;receiving the plurality of status conditions from the wirelesscommunication device over a wireless communication network; assigning ascore to each of the received status indicators; and determining, basedon a sum or average of the assigned scores, whether the user is in anabnormal condition.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality ofstatus conditions include a location of the user and a physicalcondition of the user.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein thedetermining includes determining that the user is in the abnormalcondition based on at least one of the location and the physicalcondition of the user.
 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:receiving a designated path of the user; comparing the location of theuser to a nearest point of the designated path; and determining a degreeof deviation of the location of the user from the designated path. 17.The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of status conditionsinclude at least one of a path of the user, a location of the user, amoving speed of the user, a dwelling time of the user, a heart rate ofthe user, a body motion of the user, a video recording of the user, anaudio recording of the user, a message by the user, a response time ofthe user, a presence of an inmate, an identity of the inmate, a locationof the inmate, and a moving speed of the inmate.
 18. The method of claim17, wherein the abnormal condition includes at least one of the path ofthe user being deviated from a designated path, the location of the userbeing deviated from a designated location, the moving speed of the userbeing overly slow, the moving speed of the user being overly fast, thedwelling time of the user being overly long, a sudden change of theheart rate of the user, a sudden change of the body motion of the user,abnormal content in the video recording of the user, abnormal content inthe audio recording of the user, abnormal content in the message by theuser, an overly long response time of the user, an abnormal presence ofan inmate, an identity mismatch of the inmate, an abnormal location ofthe inmate, an overly fast moving speed of the inmate, an unknownwireless communication signal, and a forbidden wireless communicationsignal.